What is Shoulder Arthritis? Shoulder arthritis occurs when the cartilage of the shoulder joint wears down, causing pain and restricted movement. Types include: Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Post‑traumatic arthritis Symptoms Deep shoulder pain Grinding sensation Stiffness Reduced range of motion Treatment Options ✔ Non‑Surgical Medications Physiotherapy Activity modification Injections ✔ Surgical…

What is Shoulder Dislocation? Shoulder dislocation occurs when the upper arm bone slips out of the shoulder socket. It commonly occurs due to: Sports injury Fall on an outstretched arm Road traffic accident Repeated dislocations may cause chronic instability. Treatment ✔ First‑Time Dislocation Closed reduction Sling immobilization Rehabilitation exercises ✔…

What is Frozen Shoulder? Frozen shoulder is a condition where the shoulder becomes painful and stiff, gradually limiting movement. It commonly affects: Diabetic patients Individuals aged 40–60 years After prolonged shoulder immobilization Stages Freezing Stage – Increasing pain Frozen Stage – Severe stiffness Thawing Stage – Gradual improvement Treatment Pain…

What is Rotator Cuff Tear? A rotator cuff tear occurs when one or more of the shoulder tendons are damaged or torn, leading to pain and weakness. It may occur due to: Age‑related degeneration Repetitive overhead activity Sports injury Sudden trauma or fall Symptoms Shoulder pain (especially at night) Difficulty…

What is Patella Dislocation? Patella dislocation occurs when the kneecap (patella) slips out of its normal position, usually towards the outer side of the knee. It commonly affects: Young athletes Individuals with ligament laxity Patients with anatomical predisposition Sports or twisting injuries Repeated dislocations can lead to chronic instability, cartilage…

What is Knee Arthritis? Knee arthritis is a degenerative condition where the protective cartilage of the knee joint gradually wears away, leading to pain, stiffness, swelling, and difficulty in walking. It commonly affects individuals above 50 years but may occur earlier due to: Previous injury Obesity Ligament damage Meniscus injury…

What is High Tibial Osteotomy? High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) is a joint‑preserving knee surgery performed to correct bow‑leg deformity (varus alignment) and shift body weight away from the damaged portion of the knee joint. It is commonly recommended for younger, active patients with early medial compartment arthritis, helping delay or…

What is ACL & PCL Arthroscopy? ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament) and PCL (Posterior Cruciate Ligament) injuries commonly occur due to sports trauma, road accidents, or twisting injuries of the knee. Arthroscopic ligament reconstruction is a minimally invasive (keyhole) surgical technique used to restore knee stability by reconstructing the torn ligament…